Wanda aka fi sani da "Uban tiyata" Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi wani likita ne na farko na musulmi na karni na 10, wanda ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga likitanci. An haife shi a lokacin zinare na Musulunci, ya shahara wajen kirkiro ayyukan fida da ke tasiri ga likitanci a yau.
An haifi Al-Zahrawi, wanda a yammaci ake kira Albucasis, a garin Zahra da ke kusa da Cordoba a kasar Spain. Ya yi fice a fannin likitancin ciki, tiyata, da kuma duban ido, sannan ya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen ci gaban ilimin likitanci da dabarun tiyata.
Shahararren aikinsa shi ne “Kitab al-Tasrif,” cikakken kundin ilmin likitanci wanda ya kunshi batutuwan da suka shafi likitanci da dama, da suka hada da tiyata, magani, da kuma harhada magunguna. Ya zama ɗaya daga cikin litattafan likitanci mafi tasiri a duniyar Musulunci da na Yamma tsawon ƙarni.
Al-Zahrawi ya shahara da sabbin dabarun aikin tiyata. Ya gabatar da dabaru da kayan aikin tiyata da yawa, waɗanda har yanzu ana amfani da wasu daga cikinsu. Ya bayyana amfani da catgut don dinki na ciki, kuma ya gabatar da manufar yin amfani da sutures masu narkewa.
Daga cikin kayan aikin tiyata da dama da ya kera, Al-Zahrawi, ana danganta shi da kirkirar kayan aiki da dama, da suka hada da karfe, da ƙugiya. Gudunmawar da ya bayar ta kawo sauyi a fagen, inda ya kafa harsashin ayyukan fida na zamani.
Fahimtar Al-Zahrawi game da kula da ciwo a cikin tiyata ya bayyana a cikin tattaunawar da ya yi game da amfani da opium a matsayin nau'i na maganin sa barci, wanda ya bayyana ci gaba a lokacin aikin likita.
Bayan sabbin hanyoyin tiyata, Al-Zahrawi ya zurfafa kan ilimin harhada magunguna, inda ya tattara bayanai masu kima kan magunguna daban-daban da aikace-aikacensu wajen magance cututtuka, ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga fahimtar kayan aikin magani.
A fannin kiwon lafiyar mata, Al-Zahrawi ya samu ci gaba a fannin kula da mata masu juna biyu, inda ya ba da haske kan yadda ake haihuwa, a fannoni daban-daban na kula da lafiyar mata.
Ayyukan Al-Zahrawi, waɗanda aka fassara zuwa Latin, sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tsara ilimin likitancin Turai a tsakiyar zamanai. Wannan tasirin ya ba da gudummawa sosai ga juyin halittar likitancin Yamma.
Kitab Al-Tafsir shi ne littafin da ya bai wa Al-Zahrawi iko mai dorewa a Turai, kasancewar shi ne jagorar aikin tiyata na farko da aka taba rubutawa, kuma ya kasance tushen farko kan tiyata a Turai tsawon shekaru 500 da suka biyo baya.
Gudunmawar Al-Zahrawi a fannin likitancin ido sun haɗa da cikakkun bayanai game da cututtukan ido da sabbin dabarun tiyata don magance yanar ido, tare da nuna ƙwarewarsa a fannonin kiwon lafiya da yawa.
A fannin likitan hakora, Al-Zahrawi ya zayyana hanyoyin cire hakori da magance cututtukan hakori a cikin kundinsa na likitanci, ya ba da gudummawa ga fahimtar lafiyar baki.
Da yake fahimtar mahimmancin tsafta, Al-Zahrawi ya jaddada ayyukan tsafta a cikin hanyoyin kiwon lafiya, tare da shimfida tushen rigakafin kamuwa da cuta da murmurewar marasa lafiya.
An girmama Al-Zahrawi a duk duniya, gadon Al-Zahrawi ya ci gaba a yawancin jami'o'i da cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya. Ana nazarin gudunmawarsa a cikin darussan tarihin aikin likita, ya tabbatar da cewa al'ummomi masu zuwa sun gane tasirinsa a fili.
Hanyar Al-Zahrawi game da magani ta samo asali ne daga dabi'un jin kai. Ya na da tausayi da kulawa da marasa lafiya, yana nuna haƙuri.
Al-Zahrawi, wanda ya samu karbuwa daga kungiyoyin likitoci da na tiyata a duk duniya, gudummawar da Al-Zahrawi ya bayar ta farko ya sa ta samu karbuwa a duniya, wanda hakan ya kara tabbatar da matsayinsa na fitaccen marubuci a tarihin likitanci.
Duk da cewa ya rayu sama da shekaru dubu da suka gabata, koyarwar Al-Zahrawi da sabbin abubuwa sun kasance masu dacewa, kuma gadonsa yana ci gaba da zaburar da kwararrun likitoci a duk duniya.
Daga Shafin Muhammad Cisse
